En una entrada anterior hab铆amos hablado de los adjetivos y
el orden en que deb铆an ir. Hoy vamos a ver los comparativos y los superlativos.
Los adjetivos tienen tres formas: positivo, comparativo y
superlativo. Como sucede con los adjetivos en espa帽ol, el comparativo presente
tres formas:
·
Comparativo de igualdad. Con
una estructura paralela a la del espa帽ol (tan + adj. + como):
As
+ adj. + as
Tom is as tall as John.
·
Comparativo de superioridad. En
este caso tenemos que diferenciar si los adjetivos son cortos o largos, ya que
dependiendo de esto se hace el comparativo de dos formas diferentes.
Los adjetivos que llamamos largos
son los que tienen m谩s de 2 s铆labas: difficult,
expensive…y los cortos, los
que tienen una o dos s铆labas: pretty,
tall…
La forma del comparativo para los
adjetivos cortos se hace a帽adiendo el sufijo -er al adjetivo y as铆 el
comparativo de tal es taller. La estructura que sigue el comparativo en el caso
de los adjetivos cortos es: adjective + -er + than
Tom is taller than Jane.
Si el adjetivo es largo la estructura es
paralela a la que usamos en espa帽ol (m谩s + adj. + que): more + adj.+ than:
This computer is more expensive than yours.
·
Comparativo de inferioridad. La
estructura es equivalente a la espa帽ola (menos + adj. + que), less + adj. + than:
This book is less interesting than that one.
Por otra parte, para formar el superlativo tambi茅n tenemos
que diferenciar si el adjetivo es corto o largo. El superlativo de los
adjetivos cortos se hace a帽adiendo el sufijo – est al adjetivo
mientras que el de los adjetivos largos, se usar铆a most delante del
adjetivo. Lo que es importante se帽alar es que tanto en unos como en otros es el
uso obligatorio del art铆culo the:
Tom is the
tallest of all.
This picture is
the most expensive in the world.
Como se
puede ver por los ejemplos, se usa of cuando comparamos una persona o cosa con un grupo de personas
o cosas. Usamos in
cuando nos referimos a lugares.
Tenemos
que hablar de los comparartivos y superlativos irregulares, que ser铆an los
correspondientes a los siguientes adjetivos:
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
good / well
|
better
|
best
|
|
bad
|
worse
|
worst
|
|
much / many
|
more
|
most
|
|
little
|
less
|
least
|
|
a loto f
|
more
|
most
|
|
far
|
further / farther*
|
furthest / farthest
|
* further
/ farther son adverbios y equivalen a distancia (=m谩s alejado).
Barclays bank
is farther / further away tan Lloyds.
Tipos
de comparativos.
Hay otras expresiones para hacer las comparativas:
·
twice / three times… + as + adj. + as:
Their car was twice as expensive as ours.
·
the same….as:
Your dress is the same colour as mine.
·
less + adj. + than:
This car is les expensive than ours.
·
the least + adj. + of / in:
The Plaza hotel is the least expensive of all.
·
doble
comparativo. The + comparative…, the +
comparative
The earlier we set off, the earlier we’ll arrive.
·
Lo
que traducimos en espa帽ol como cada vez m谩s + adj.; se har铆a tambi茅n con
el doble comparativo en ingl茅s:
The weather is getting warmer and warmer
De esto
nos ocuparemos m谩s ampliamente en otro post.
Y despu茅s
de esto ya ten茅is m谩s claro como hacer el comparativo y el superlativo. Os dejo
las explicaciones en ingl茅s en un video de woodward english.com y as铆 os vais habituando a estudiar directamente
del ingl茅s, esto ayuda a pensar en ingl茅s y a mejorar el vocabulario y la
comprensi贸n adem谩s de acostumbrar al o铆do y as铆 mejorar con los listenings.
Y como
todo requiere su pr谩ctica, aqu铆 ten茅is los ejercicios.
1.
Write
the comparative and the superlative forms of the following adjectives and
adverbs:
long, stong, difficult, intelligent,
close, popular, safe, narrow, expensive, fast, hard, important, loud, weak,
tasty, comfortable, delicious, simple, easy, fat, tall, cold, short, light
2.
Choose
the correct:
Pam is taller than I.
Pam
is taller than me.
Pam
is taller than I am.
Jack
is not as clever than Mike.
Jack
is not as clever as Mike.
I’m
older than you two years.
I’m
two years older than you.
Dad
works hardly.
Dad
works hard.
He
spoke to me angrier than usual.
He
spoke to me more angrily than usual.
This
car is twice more expensive than that one.
This
car is twice as expensive as that one.
My
sister is five years Elder than me.
My
sister is five years older than me.
The
Nile is the more longer river in the world.
The
Nile is the longest river in the world.
Tom
is a better student from his sister.
Tom
is a better student than his sister.
Mount
Everest is the highest mountain of the world.
Mount
Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
Their
house is modern as ours.
Their
house is as modern as ours.
3.
Correct
the mistakes
I’m
shorter than you three inches.
Steve
is older than I.
The
little boy sang as a bird.
Paul
is not as handsome than Tom.
Sally
is the more taller girl in our class.
My
best friend is two years elder than me.
The
church is the oldest building of the village.
She
did her homework more wonderful than usual.
His
flat is big as mine.
Her
new car is quite faster than her old one.
The
green dress is twice cheaper than the black one.
4. Rewrite the sentences
using two to five words, including the word in blue colour.
1.
I’ve
never heard such a silly excuse.
It’s……………..I’ve
ever Heard. The
It’s the silliest excuse I’ve ever heard.
2.
Jane’s
car was cheaper than Adam’s.
Jane’s
car…………..Adam’s. less
3.
As
we got closer, I became more nervous.
The
closer we got,……………….I became. the
4.
Tom
has bought the same number of sweets as Lucy.
Tom
has bought………………..Lucy. many
5.
Ben
is smarter than Steve.
Steve…………………Ben.
as
6.
As
I study more, I get better grades.
The
more I study,…………………I get. the
7.
I’ve
never known such an indepent young woman.
She’s…………………I’ve
ever known. the
8.
Josie
has the same number od CDs as David.
Josie
has………………..David. many
9.
Keith
is the best tennis player of all.
Keith……………………anyone
else. than
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